Vol. 25, Supplement B (2009)

Proceedings of the 48th Chemical Sensor Symposium
September 10-11, 2009

Abstracts


1.

ポリイオンコンプレックス積層膜の分子ふるい能と酵素電極への応用

東京理科大学

○勝野 瑛自、駒場 慎一

MOLECULAR SIEVIVING ABILITY OF POLYION COMPLEX MULTILAYER
AND ITS APPLICATION FOR ENZYME-IMMOBILIZED ELECTRODE

Eiji KATSUNO and Shinichi KOMABA

Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601

We investigated several combinations of polycations and polyanions to form polyion complexes. Molecular sieving behavior of the polyion complex (PIC) electrodes depended on side-chain length of the polymers. The double-layered PIC electrode was applied for glucose oxidase (GOx)-immobilized electrode. The underlayer PIC consisted of poly(allylamine)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAm-PAA) was formed on Pt electrode for elimination of electrochemical interference such as ascorbic acid and uric acid. The upperlayer PIC consisted of poly-L-lysine/poly(acrylic acid) (PLL-PAA) was formed onto the first PIC for immobilizing enzyme. The double-layer electrode exhibited selectively amperometric response to glucose without electrochemical interference.

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2.

基板上へのカーボンナノチューブの直接成長と酵素センサへの応用

芝浦工大工

○吉澤 昌宏、星野 達也、六車 仁志

DIRECT GROWTH OF CARBON NANOTUBE AND APPLICATION FOR ENZYME BIOSENSOR

Masahiro YOSHIZAWA, Tatsuya HOSHINO, and Hitoshi MUGURUMA

Department of Electronic Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology,
Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548

We report on an amperometric biosensor that is based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) and plasma-polymerized film (PPF). A simple and reliable dry-chemical based layer-by-layer process was employed for device fabrication according to the following procedure: (1) a 10-nm-thick acetonitrile PPF layer (first PPF layer) was formed on a sputtered gold electrode; (2) a solution cast CNT layer was formed on the first PPF layer; (3) the CNT layer was treated by nitrogen or oxygen plasma; (4) a solution cast glucose oxidase (GOx) layer was formed onto the CNT layer; (5) immobilized GOx was overcoated with a 20-nm-thick acetronitrile PPF layer (second PPF layer). The optimized glucose biosensor showed high sensitivity (42 μA mM-1 cm-2), high selectivity (almost no interference by 0.5 mM ascorbic acid) for glucose quantification, and rapid response (<4 s to reach 95% of maximum response). Additionally, the devices showed a small and stable background current (0.35 ± 0.013 μA) compared with the glucose response (ca. 10 μA at 10 mM glucose) and suitable reproducibility from sample-to-sample (<3%, n = 4).

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3.

グルコース脱水素酵素とカーボンナノチューブとプラズマ重合膜を利用するバイオセンサ

芝浦工大工

○浦田 宗幸、関口 慎一朗、六車 仁志

BIOSENSOR WITH GLUCOSE DEHDROGENASE, CARBON NANOTUBE,
AND PLASMA-POLYMAERIZED FILM

Muneyuki URATA, Shin-ichiro SEKIGUCHI, and Hitoshi MUGURUMA

Department of Electronic Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology,
Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548

We report on an amperometric biosensor that is based on a nanocomposite of carbon nanotubes (CNT), a nano-thin plasma-polymerized film (PPF), and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). A mixture of the GDH and a CNT film is sandwiched with 6-nm-thick acetonitrile PPFs. Under PPF layer was deposited onto a sputtered gold electrode. To facilitate the electrochemical communication between the CNT layer and GDH, CNT was treated with nitrogen plasma. The resulting device showed that the large oxidizing current response due to enzymatic reaction was observed at +0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) polarized potential. This demonstrates that the CNT play a role as a catalysis for NADH oxidation caused by enzymatic reaction and as a electron transfer conductor. The optimized glucose biosensor showed sensitivity of 3.3 μA mM -1 cm-2 (correlation coefficient of 0.983, linear response range of 4.9-19 mM) and response of 7 s (reach 95% of maximum response).

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4.

エフェクターのセンシング材料としてのグリコーゲンホスホリラーゼb

神奈川工科大工

佐藤 生男、栁下 明子、新井 慎也

GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE b AS SENSING MATERIALS FOR EFFECTORS

Ikuo SATOH, Akiko YAGISHITA and Shin-ya ARAI

Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology,
1030 Shimo-Ogino, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa-ken 243-0292

A spectrophotometric flow-injection system for microanalysis of orthophosphate was constructed and then, applied to determination of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as an effector for glycogen phosphorylase b. Injections of substrate solutions containing 5.0 % glycogen and glucose 1-phosphate (G 1-P) with AMP into the system with a column containing the immobilized enzymes formed orthophosphate, which was detected with use of a malachite green method. Increases in absorbance at 650 nm with increase in AMP with various concentrations were observed. Thus, the effector in submillimolar levels could be determined.


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5.

イリジウム-ニオブの二元系合金を用いたトランスデューサの特性解析

NEC ナノエレクトロニクス研究所a、物質・材料研究機構 環境・エネルギ-材料萌芽ラボb

○松本 達a、佐多直明a、御手洗容子b

A NOVEL AMPEROMETRIC TRANSDUCER ELECTRODE WITH IRIDIUM-NIOBIUM BINARY ALLOYS

Toru Matsumotoa, Naoaki Sataa, and Yoko Yamabe-Mitaraib

a Nano Electronics Researc h Laboratories, NEC Corporation, 34 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8501
b Exploratory Materials Research Laboratory for Energy and Environment Platinum group metals Group, NIMS, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047

We have discovered that an Ir-23Nb binary alloy more effective oxidizes hydrogen peroxide than Ir, Ir-13Nb, Ir-17Nb, Ir-30Nb, Ir-43Nb, Ir-62Nb, or Nb, and developed a novel biosensor employed a working electrode of the Ir-23Nb binary alloy. The eight Ir-Nb alloys were used as their working electrodes fabricated with an arc-melting method, and evaluated their cyclic voltammetry. For fabrication of two glucose biosensors, we coated the Ir and the Ir-23Nb electrodes first with 1 v/v% 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and then with cross-linked 20 w/v% bovine serum albumin and 1 v/v% glutaraldehyde containing 189.4 U/μl glucose oxidase. Tests of the eight electrodes demonstrated the Ir-23Nb electrode was the most excellent hydrogen peroxide detecting capability on around 0.7 V constant potential among the eight electrodes: 9.2 μA/mm2 Ir-23Nb, 5.3 μA/mm2 Ir, 5.1 μA/mm2 Ir-17Nb, 3.7 μA/mm2 Ir-13Nb, 2.0 μA/mm2 Ir-30Nb, 1.5 μA/mm2 Ir-43Nb, 0.6 μA/mm2 Ir-62Nb and 0.13 μA/mm2 Nb for 2 mM hydrogen peroxide. This result indicates that the effective hydrogen peroxide detecting performance of the Ir-23Nb might be due to its fcc+L12 two-phase structure. Tests of glucose sensors with the Ir electrode and the Ir-23Nb electrode demonstrated the glucose sensor with the Ir-23Nb electrode was the more excellent glucose detecting capability than the glucose sensor with the Ir electrode: 0.226 μA/mm2/mM Ir-23Nb sensor, and 0.127 μA/mm2/mM Ir sensor for 1.67 mM glucose.

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6.

「ARGET-ATRP法」で分子インプリントポリマーをグラフトしたグルコース電極の開発

芝浦工大

○脇坂 映美、吉見靖男

A GLUCOSE ELECTRODE GRAFTED WITH MOLECULARLY IMPLINTED POLYMER
BY “ARGET-ATRP” METHOD

Emi WAKIZAKA and Yasuo YOSHIMI

Department of Applied Chemistry, Shibaura Institute of Technology,
Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548

We designed glucose imprinted polymer grafted on electrode using Activators ReGenerated by Electron Transfer-Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization(ARGET-ATRP). The advantage of the polymerization is availability in air. The initiator for ARGET-ATRP was introduced on indium-tin oxide electrode. A complex of glucose and functional monomer was copolymerized with crosslinker by the initiator in the presence of catalyst and reducing agent. Then, glucose imprinted electrode was obtained. Faradic current of ferricyanide at the electrode was sensitive to glucose, however was less sensitive to fructose. Those results show that molecular imprinting by ARGET-ATRP is useful for obtaining a glucose sensor.

 

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7.


D-アミノ酸検出用電気化学酵素センサの開発

富山大院理工

○尾本 祐樹、篠原 寛明

DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROCHEMlCAL ENZYME SENSOR FOR D-AMlNO AClDS

Yuki OMOTO and Hiroaki SHlNOHARA

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama
3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555

In this research, an electrochemical enzyme sensor was designed for detection of D-amino acids. HRP-containing Os polymer and D-amino acid oxidase(DAO)were sequentially immobilized onto a gold disk electrode. CV measurement with the developed sensor demonstrated the increase of catalytic reduction current which depended on the D-alanine concentration. Electrocatalytic reduction current in amperometric measurement was also observed at 0mV vs. Ag/AgCl upon the addition of D-alanine. The detection ranges for D-alanine by CV and amperometric detection were both 10~400μM. This sensor showed high responsibility for various D-amino acids, where as no response was observed for L-amino acids. These results indicated that this sensor has sufficient potential for a D-amino acids sensor.

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8.

固定化チロシナーゼを用いたチロシナーゼ阻害剤の特性評価

神奈川工科大工・応用バイオ科学科a、応用化学科b、コペル電子(株)c

○飯田泰広a、佐藤生男b、前角典男c

EVALUATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF THE TYROSINASE INHIBITOR WITH USE OF IMMOBILIZED TYROSINASE

Yasuhiro IIDA a, Ikuo SATOH b, Norio MAEZUMI c

a Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
1030 Shimo-Ogino, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 243-0292, Japan
b Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
1030 Shimo-Ogino, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 243-0292, Japan
c Coper Electronics Co., Ltd., 43 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan

A novel evaluation method based on an FIA was developed for tyrosinase inhibitors with use of an immobilized tyrosinase as a recognition element. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme for melanin biosynthesis in pigment cells. Melanin is a dark polymeric pigment which causes skin pigmentation, and therefore, new or more active inhibitors of tyrosinase are required as whitening effectors. In this study, we developed the evaluation system in combination with the FIA system and the immobilized tyrosinase and applied the system to evaluation of the inhibition properties. By using of proposed FIA method, we could know the inhibitor’s properties easily whether the inhibition activity is keeping on or not. When L-tyrosine solution was injected into the FIA system followed by the injection of kojic acid solution, about 50 % tyrosinase activity was observed. However, when we subsequently injected L-tyrosine solution again, recovery of tyrosinase activity was found. These results indicate that kojic acid can indeed inhibit tyrosinase activity, but its inhibition is temporary. Then, we tried to evaluation of EGC (epigallocatechin) as a tyrosinase inhibitor. An EGC solution also showed about 50 % inhibitory activity against tyrosinase. However, the solution made the tyrosinase keeping inactive when a tyrosine solution was re-injected. This result means that the inhibition activity of the EGC isn’t temporary. These results suggest that the proposed system based on an evaluation of tyrosinase inhibition and of tyrosinase reactivation should be a promising tool as the evaluation method for whitening effectors. The whitening effect based on the inhibition of synthesis of melanin in melanoma cells was also investigated in this study. Thus, we exemplified that this FIA system should be an effective screening system for enzyme inhibitors containing tyrosinase inhibitor.

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(清山賞受賞講演1)

酵素電極方式を用いたディスポ型バイオセンサの開発

パナソニック株式会社

○吉岡 俊彦

DEVELOPMENT OF DISPOSABLE BIOSENSORS BASED ON ENZYME-ELECTRODE TECHNOLOGY

Toshihiko YOSHIOKA

Bioscience Technology Development Office, Panasonic Corporation,
Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0237

Disposable biosensors based on enzyme electrode have been developed. The biosensor is composed of electrodes, reagents and a cavity cover. The reagents are enzyme, electron mediator (ferricyanide ion) and hydrophilic polymer. This biosensor technology was applied to self monitoring of blood glucose. A blood glucose concentration of diabetics could be measurable up to 600 mg/dL. The glucose sensor, employs glucose dehydrogenase having pyrroloquinoline quinone in its active site (PQQ-GDH) as an enzyme, was not affected by the oxygen content in blood. Furthermore, this sensor technology was applied to other compounds, sucrose, fructose, L-lactate, total cholesterol and triglyceride.

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9.

カーボンナノチューブを用いるNADセンサ動作の定電位化

芝浦工大工

○星野 達也、 吉澤 昌宏、 六車 仁志

NAD SENSOR WITH CARBON NANOTUBE FOR LOWER POTENTIAL DETECTION

Tatsuya HOSHINO, Masahiro YOSHIZAWA, and Hitoshi MUGURUMA

Shibaura Institute of Technology, Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548

We report on an electrochemical sensor that is based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) and plasma-polymerized film (PPF). The CNTs were sandwiched with 2 nm-thick acetonitrile PPFs. Under PPF layer was deposited onto sputtered gold electrode. Neutral red (ND) as a electron transfer mediator was positioned between under PPF layer and CNT layer. We optimized the CNT and ND concentration for casting formation onto the under PPF layer. The nicotin adenine dinucleotide (NADH) sensor showed highsensitivity (a sensitivity of 29μA mM-1 cm-2, a correlation coefficient of 0.991, a linear response range of 0.3-4.2 mM, +0.15 V vs Ag/AgCl), and rapid response (< 7s in reaching 95% of maximum response). This high performance is attributed that CNTs offer excellent electrocatalytic activity and enhance electron transfer.

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10.

グラッシーカーボンペースト電極を用いた生体関連物質の選択的測定

熊本大院工

○西山勝彦、稲田和文、谷口 功

Selective Detection of Bio-related Chemicals at Glassy Carbon Paste Electrodes

Katsuhiko NISHIYAMA, Kazufumi INADA, and Isao TANIGUCHI

Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology,
Kumamoto University,2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555

Voltammetric determination of tryptophan (Trp) and serotonin (5-HT) was successfully conducted. To do this, we analyzed the redox peaks of their oxidation products at glassy carbon paste electrodes (GCPEs) in phosphate buffer solutions in the presence of interferences. The oxidation products of Trp and 5-HT provided redox couples at more negative potentials than for that of the interferences: 5-fold tyrosine (Tyr) did not hinder the determination of Trp, and 200-fold uric acid (UA) and acetaminophen (APAP) did not hinder the determination of 5-HT. In addition, selective determination of uric acid (UA) was conducted in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and acetaminophen (APAP) as interference species at an unmodified glassy GCPE. Using the GCPE prepared in our lab, we succeeded in detecting UA in the presence of AA in acidic and alkaline media. Although the oxidation peak potential of APAP is very close to that of UA in neutral media, in alkaline media, a peak separation of ca. 140 mV was obtained between UA and APAP on the differential pulse voltammogram.

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11.

SPR免疫センサによるアントラニル酸メチルの高感度・高速検出

九大産学センターa, 学振b, 九大院農c, 九大院シ情d

○ S. J. Kim a,b, 松本 清c, 都甲 潔d, 三浦則雄a

SPR IMMUNOSENSOR FOR SENSITIVE AND RAPID DETECTION
OF FRAGRANT COMPOUND (METHYL ANTHRANILATE)

○Sook Jin KIM a,b, Kiyoshi MATSUMOTO c, Kiyoshi TOKO d, Norio MIURA a

a Art, Science and Technology Center for Cooperative research (KASTEC), Kyushu University,
Fukuoka 816-8580
b Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,
Tokyo 102-8471
c Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University,
Fukuoka 819-0395
d Graduate School of Information Science and Electronical Engineering, Kyushu University,
Fukuoka 812-8581

We have investigated on the SPR-based immunosensor for detection of a low-molecular-weight (LMW) fragrant compound, methyl anthranilate (MA), which is used for flavoring of candies, soft drinks, etc. The surface of SPR sensor was functionalized by simple physical-adsorption of ovalbumin (OVA) conjugate of an MA derivative, 1-methyl 2-aminophthalate (MAT) and the obtained MAT-OVA layer provided highly-stable sensor surface. As a detection method, indirect competitive-immunoassay that has assured sensitive detection of LMW compounds was employed. Under these conditions, the low-detection-limit (LDL) of the present MA sensor was confirmed to be 10 ppb (ng/ml) with a response time of only 2 min. A single sensor chip was repeatedly used for more than 20 times by simply flowing NaOH solution for less then 30 s. The analysis of samples prepared with factory cleaning water (FCW), which the beverage factory uses to clean the product line, has also been examined here.

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12.

微粒子配列化による迅速性と電荷蓄積による高感度化を融合した免疫センサ

兵庫県大院物資理a,東北大院環境科学b

○安川智之a、吉田悠亮a、Javier Ramon-Azcona、末永智一b、水谷文雄a

RAPID AND SENSITIVE IMMUNOSENSORS COMBINED WITH
DIELECTROPHORETIC PARTICLE MANIPULATION AND CHARGE
ACCUMULATION SYSTEMS IN REDOX POLYMER

Tomoyuki YASUKAWA a, Yusuke YOSHIDA a, Javier RAMON-AZCON a, Tomokazu MATSUE b, and Fumio MIZUTANI a

a Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo,
3-2-1, Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo 678-1297
b Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University,
6-6-11, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579

We report herein a rapid and sensitive immunoassay using a microfluidic device consisting of an interdigitated microarray (IDA) electrode for a particle manipulation with dielectrophoresis (DEP), and an Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode modified with a poly(vinylpyridine) containing [Os(bpy)2Cl]+ and horseradish peroxidase (OsII/HRP-polymer). On applying an AC voltage to the IDA in a negative DEP (n-DEP) frequency region, glucose oxidase (GOx) labeled goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (anti-mouse IgG)-immobilized microparticles moved to the polymer surface coated with anti-mouse IgG and were captured on the polymer to form the immuno-complexes in the presence of an analyte (mouse IgG). The captured microparticles were determined by the electrochemical measurement by using the catalytic reactions of the couple of enzymes in the presence of glucose. Since the formation of the sandwich structures was accelerated significantly by n-DEP, a period as short as 30 s was sufficient to detect the immunoreaction at the surface. The present procedure therefore yields a rapid, sensitive, and separation-free immunoassay in a simple device.

 

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13.

局所的プラズマを用いるタンパク質のパターニング技術

芝浦工大工

○髙橋 勇人、伊井 敬弘、入江 亮、六車 仁志

PROTEIN PATTERNING TECHNIQUE WITH PARTIAL PLASMA

Hayato TAKAHASHI, Takahiro II, Akira Irie and Hitoshi MUGURUMA

Shibaura Institute of Technology,
3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548

Techniques for patterned modification of substrate surfaces are important for forming microarrays on protein chips. Firstly, adsorption of protein onto plasma-polymerized thin films (PPF) with nanoscale thickness was characterized by atomic force microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance. The PPF surface is very flat (less than 1 nm roughness) and its properties (charge and wettability) can be easily changed while retaining the backbone structure. Next, a tetraglyme plasma-polymerized film (TG PPF) was deposited on a glass substrate and the resulting surface was partially modified by subsequent hexamethyldisiloxane PPF with a patterned shadow mask. When surface adsorption of an a protein was visualized by fluorescence microscopy, distinct 80×80 μm2 square spots were observed, surrounded by a non-fluorescent 80 μm-wide grid. This pattern could be attributed to proteins selectively adsorbed onto the nitrogen plasma-treated regions but not onto the surface of pristine HMDS PPF. This provided a simple fabrication method of protein patterning.

 

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14.

細胞センシングシステムの生体モデルとしての評価とPCAによるセンサ応答解析

九工大 生体工a、Cranfield Universityb、国立環境研究所c

○田ノ上知里a、淺川雅a、Michael Cauchib、Conrad Bessantb、持立克己c、池野慎也a、春山哲也a

CHARACTERIZATION OF TISSULAR MODEL/SENSOR SYSTEM AND SENSOR
RESPONSE ANALYSIS BY PCA

Chisato TANOUEa, Hitoshi ASAKAWAa, Michael CAUCHb, Conrad BESSANTb, Katsumi MOCHITATEc, Shinya IKENOa and Tetsuya HARUYAMAa

a Kyushu Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Functions and Engineering,
Kitakyushu Science and Research Park,
Kitakyushu,Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan
b Cranfield University, Cranfield Health, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
c
National Institute for Environmental Studies 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba-Shi, Ibaraki, 305-8506, JAPAN

Most case of clinical drug discoveries begins with molecular based screening in order to select lead-substances. Lead-substances have been screened on the basis of its efficacy to the target. Therefore, this process is a key step for successful drug development. In order to judge the molecular efficacy of a lead substance, both animal experimentation and cell-based bioassay have been employed. Cellular biosensing is one of the smart methods in order to good through put. In this study, an NO sensor device was developed which has two functions; NO selectivity and cell adhesion in order to perform seamless cellular NO monitoring in situ. Endothelium cells with intact functionality were also investigated on the molecular level while cellular NO monitoring. Furthermore, we analyzed the sensor responses through principal component analysis (PCA) technique. We conclude that the PCA data analysis can be used to deduce typical biological events from the sensor output.

 

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15.

微生物活性測定のための密閉型マイクロウェルデバイスの作製・評価

東北大院環境1,(独)国立環境研2,環境生態工学研3

○小出 昌弘1,2,3,板山 朋聡3,久米 博2,伊野浩介1,珠玖 仁1,末永 智一1

HERMETICALLY SEALED ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROWELL-DEVICE FOR MEASUREMENT OF MICROORGANISM ACTIVITY

Masahiro KOIDE 1,2,3, Tomoaki ITAYAMA 3, Hirosi KUME 2, Kosuke INO 1, Hitoshi SHIKU 1, Tomokazu MATSUE 1

1 Graduate School of Environment Studies, Tohoku Universuty
6-6-11 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579
2 National Institute for Environmental Studies
16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506
3 Research Institute of Environmental Eco-Technology
11-5-26-104 Wakabayashi-ku, Sendai 984-0055

An electrochemical microwell-device for measuring the single cell activity was photolithographically fabricated on a glass substrate. A cyanobacteria Microcysis cell was trapped into a microwell in which two working Pt microelectrodes were fabricated. Each microwell was closed with the urethane resin plate. The photosynthetic activity of an enclosed cell in a microwell was measured based on reduction current of oxygen at a working Pt microelectrode. The results indicated that the reduction current of oxygen due to the single cell photosynthesis was successfully detected. The photosynthesys rate 6×10-18 O2 -mol s-1 cell-1 was estimated.

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16.

グルコースセンサ機能を持つインスリンカプセル

東北大院薬

○佐藤 勝彦、児玉 大祐、安斉 順一

GLUCOSE-SENSITIVE POLYELECTROLYTE MICROCAPSULES CONTAINING INSULIN

Katsuhiko SATO, Daisuke KODAMA, Jun-ichi ANZAI

Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University,
Aramaki, Aoba-ku 6-3, Sendai 980-8578

Sugar-sensitive microcapsules containing insulin were prepared by a layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of alginic acid (AGA) and phenylboronic acid-modified poly(allylamine) (PBA-PAH) on the surface of a calcium carbonate (CaCO3) microparticle in which insulin had been embedded, followed by dissolution of the CaCO3 core. The LbL deposition of AGA and PBA-PAH successfully afforded spherical microcapsules with 3-10 μm diameter. The microcapsules thus prepared were stable at pH 7.0-9.0, and the release of insulin was negligibly small in the absence of sugar. In the presence of 10-100 mM fructose or glucose, on the other hand, the release of insulin was significantly enhanced depending on solution pH and sugar concentration. The sugar-triggered release of insulin was rationalized on the basis of decomposition of the microcapsules or enhanced permeability of the capsule wall, which in turn was caused by competitive binding of added sugars to phenylboronic acid moieties in the capsule wall.

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17.

マイクロコンタクトプリンティングによる過酸化水素検出型集積化酵素センサアレイの作製

富山大院理工

○鈴木 正康、皆口 健太、野村 明孝

PREPARATION OF INTEGRATED ENZYME SENSORS ARRAY BASED ON H2O2 DETECTION BY USING MICROCONTACT PRINTING

Masayasu SUZUKI, Kenta MINAKUCHI and Akitaka NOMURA

Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555

The integrated optical enzyme sensor array on which 10μm i.d. glucose and lactate sensor spots were arranged alternately on one chip, was developed by using microcontact “double” printing. Europium tetracycline based H2O2 sensor spots (10μm i.d.) were stamped onto a DLC sputtered slide glass. The response was measured by using a micro array scanner. The prepared H2O2 sensors could detect H2O2 quantitatively in the range 0.003 to 0.3 M. After the printing of H2O2 sensor spots, glucose oxidase and lactate oxidase spots were stamped alternately onto H2O2 sensor spots by using the same PDMS stamp. Glucose sensor spots responded to only glucose and lactate sensor spots responded to only lactate.

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18.

ディスク状マイクロ流路による腫瘍マーカーCEAの高感度検出

創価大工

○久保いづみ、古谷俊介、松永宣行、板津貴之

SENSITIVE DETERMINATION OF TUMOR MARKER CARCINOEMBRYONIC
ANTIGEN (CEA) UTILIZING A DISK SHAPED MICRO FLUIDIC DEVICE

]

Izumi KUBO, Shunsuke FURUTANI, Nobuyuki MATSUNAGA and Takayuki ITATSU

Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of engineering, Soka University
Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8577

A disk-shaped microfluidic device was developed to allow the evaluation of cancer marker. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which is a major marker of cancer, was measured by an enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) on the disk. In this study we developed a rapid and sensitive assay system of the high-throughput detection of cancer marker. Anti CEA mouse monoclonal antibody was immobilized on micro beads. Micro chambers on the disk were filled with antibody immobilized micro beads. The amount of the beads was 0.5 – 1 x 104 in one chamber. One μl of sample solution containing CEA was applied to the micro chamber and the second antibody conjugated with HRP was applied. By the detection of chemiluminescence of the HRP reaction, selective determination of CEA was performed at the range of 0.0072 to 0.18 ng/ml on the disk.

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19.

コンタクトフォトイメージングによる単一細胞解析システムの構築

東京農工大院生命

○田中 剛、須永 吉彦、佐伯 達也、松永 是

DEVELOPMENT OF SINGLE CELL ANALYSIS SYSTEM BASED ON CONTACT PHOTO IMAGING

Tsuyoshi TANAKA, Yoshihiko SUNAGA, Tatsuya SAEKI and Tadashi MATSUNAGA

Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology,
Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588

Our research group has demonstrated a novel DNA microarray system using oligonucleotide-immobilized on two-dimenshinal (2-D) portable photosensor (1,2) based on contact photo-imaging. The use of 2-D photosensor enables us to obtain fluorescent or luminescent signals as the digital images on 2-dimentional area in a few seconds. In this study, the 2-D photosensor was applied to high-content analysis of single cells based on digital imaging. A micro-partition structure was fabricated on thin film transistor (TFT) photosensor by photolithography to assemble single cells on a single detection element. Furthermore, contact photo-imaging using TFT photosensor integrated with microfluidic chamber was examined. The use of the 2-D photosensor will allow to the development of a high-throughput, portable and cost-effective photodetecting device for single cell analysis system.

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20.

Microcavity arrayを用いた血液からの希少細胞検出技術の開発

東京農工大院生命a、東京農工大院動物生命科学b

○細川 正人a、新垣 篤史a、大森 啓太郎b、田中 あかねb、松田 浩珍b、田中 剛a、松永 是a

DEVELOPMENT OF A RARE CELL DETECTION TECHNIQUE FROM BLOOD USING A MICROCAVITY ARRAY

Masahito HOSOKAWA a, Atsushi ARAKAKI a, Keitaro OHMORI b, Akane TANAKA b,
Hiroshi MATSUDA b, Tsuyoshi TANAKA a and Tadashi MATSUNAGA a

a Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology,
Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588
b Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School,
Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology,
Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509

Detection of rare cells from limited biological samples has become a major challenge in clinical diagnosis and in cell biology research. Thus, a simple yet efficient method that enables rapid enumeration of target cells in single-cell resolution is warranted. In this study, in order to enable rare cell detection at the single-cell level from a blood sample, we developed a microfluidic device equipped with a 250,000-hole microcavity array. Using this device, hundreds of thousands of individual cells were trapped onto the array with high efficiency (approximately 90% of loaded cells) and Cell-specific immunophenotypes were identified at the single-cell level by measuring fluorescence intensities of cells labeled with antibodies targeting cell surface markers. As a model, the detection of dog mast cells which spiked in dog peripheral blood was demonstrated. Several mast cells were successfully detected from large amount of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with high accuracy using this microcavity technology.

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21.

プラグ型送液機構を利用した細胞機能評価

筑波大院数理物質

○亀岡典哲、高橋晋太郎、佐々文洋、福田淳二、鈴木博章

ANALYSIS OF CELL FINCTIONS USING A PLUG-BASED MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE

Yoshiaki Kameoka, Shintaro Takahashi, Fumihiro Sassa, Junji Fukuda and Hiroaki Suzuki

Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573

Microfluidic devices are advantageous for cell-based studies such as drug screening and stem cell researches, because they require many trials to identify promising drug candidates from a library of compounds and to achieve the best conditions for stem-cell differentiation. In this study, we developed a microfluidic device in which solutions are processed in the form of liquid plugs of the nl order to estimate activities and responses of cells to drugs. The device consisted of a main flow channel and handling channels. At T-junctions of the channels, liquid plugs were precisely measured, separated, and mixed by controlling pneumatic pressures applied from the ends of the flow channels. A series of plugs containing anticancer agents, mitomycin C or fluorouracil, of different concentrations were prepared, and their effects on viability of Hep G2 cells were evaluated. The viabilities were comparable to those obtained using conventional dishes, while the reagent consumption in the device was less than one-thousandth of that in conventional systems.

 

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22.

エレクトロウェッティングと集積化電池による自律的送液機構とそのバイオセンシングへの応用

タマサート大a、筑波大院数理物質b

○Papaorn Siribunbandal a,b、山口茂輝 b、小嶋謙一 b、福田淳二 b、鈴木博章 b

AUTOMATIC PROCESSING OF SOLUTIONS FOR BIOSENSING USING
ELECTROWETTING-BASED VALVES AND INTEGRATED CELLS

Papaorn SIRIBUNBANDAL a,b, Shigeki YAMAGUCHI b, Kenichi KOJIMA b, Junji FUKUDA b and Hiroaki SUZUKI b

a Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University,
Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
b Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba,
Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8573

Automatic control of microfluidic transport was realized using electrowetting-based valves and integrated electrochemical cells. The valve was formed with gold and was opened when an electrolyte solution reached a zinc electrode of a cell formed in the other flow channel and activated it, causing the transport of solution in the flow channel. Although our preliminary device contained Ag/AgCl electrodes to form a cell and to apply a potential, only a composite electrode consisting of gold and zinc functioned in the same manner. Our device could be used for the delivery of solutions in a network of flow channels by the automatic switching. To demonstrate the applicability to chemical analyses, a solution containing glucose, and another solution containing glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, and Amplex Red were mixed by the automatic operation. Fluorometric analysis showed clear relation between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of glucose.

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23.

弾性表面波による液滴搬送を利用したマイクロ実験室

静岡大学

○近藤 淳、安田宣之、杉田貴昭、杉本光範

MICRO-LABORATORY BASED ON DROPLET MANIPULATION USING SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE

Jun Kondoh, Noriyuki YASUDA, Takaaki SUGITA and Mitsunori SUGIMOTO

Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka 432-8561

Using a surface acoustic wave, liquid droplet can be manipulated. In this paper, we present a digital microfluidic system on a SAW substrate. A droplet is controlled with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) streaming and measured with an interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensor. As sensor and actuator are integrated on the same surface, We named it “Micro-Laboratory”. First, the micro-laboratory is fabricated on a piezoelectric substrate and demonstrated. The results indicate that the proposed micro-laboratory is used as a digital micro fluidic system. However, disposable system is required for measuring biomolecules. Therefore, we propose novel integrated system of sensor and actuator for droplets. The system consists of glass plate/matching layer/piezoelectric substrate. Using three-layer structure, droplets are manipulated and mixed by SAW and measured by a sensor on the glass plate. The novel system was demonstrated and confirmed its validity through experiments.

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24.

生体成分計測用バイオFETの研究開発(IV)FET硝酸イオンチェッカのセンサ特性

産総研a、阪工大工b

○脇田 慎一a、吉田 尚弘b、小林 智樹b、澁谷 康彦b

R & D OF BIOFET FOR BIOLOGICAL MONITORING(IV)SENSOR CHARACTERISTICS
OF FET NITRATE CHECKERS


Shin-ichi WAKIDA a, Naohiro YOSHIDA b, Tomoki KOBAYASHI b and Yasuhiko SHIBUTANI b

a National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),
Midorigaoka 1-8-31, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577
b Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology,
Omiya 5-16-1, Asahi, Osaka 535-8585, Japan

To develop high performance nitrate ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFETs) to detect a human salivary nitrate, we have investigated sensing materials, such as phenanthroline derivatives, and also polymer membrane materials, such as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl chloride) calboxylated (PVC-COOH) and so on. We prepared highly sensitive and selective prototype of FET NO3- checkers based on NO3--ISFETs using the suitable copper(I) complex ([Cu(bcp)2]NO3) as a nitrate- sensing material, 2-nitrophenyl dodecylether (NPDDE) as a liquid membrane material (plasticizer) and above mentioned polymer membrane materials using the commercialized FET pH checker. We studied the sensor characteristics of prototype of FET nitrate checkers, such as linear response range and selectivity. FET NO3- checkers showed excellent linear characteristics from 10-5.5 M to 10-0.5 M with a response time of less than a few seconds. FET NO3- checkers also showed the same selectivity. The sensor characteristics of FET NO3- checkers are almost identical with the corresponding ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) as expected. We applied human saliva after pretreatment using a cartridge column packed with cation-exchange resin of the silver form using direct potentiometry. In any case, we obtained relatively good correlation with conventional ion chromatography.

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25.

参照電極が不要な新型マイクロイオンセンサの開発

岡山大学

○井上豊崇、小田和代、山田博信、紀和利彦、塚田啓二

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TYPE MICRO ION SENSOR WITHOUT A REFERENCE ELECTRODE

Toyotaka INOUE, Kazuyo ODA, Hironobu YAMADA, Toshihiko KIWA and Keiji TSUKADA

Okayama University,
1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8530

An ion-selective electrode (ISE) is known as the chemical device to analyze a variety of ions in field of chemical analysis. For ISE measurement system, a reference electrode is absolutely necessary to measure the ion concentration. To measure small amount of sample, sensor has to be miniaturized. However, the miniaturization of the reference electrode is very difficult due to its structure. In this study, we developed a new-type ion sensor can measure without a reference electrode. The developed sensor measured an inside membrane potential change directly. To evaluate performance of the new-type sensor, we compared a conventional type ion-selective electrode and a coated wire electrode. As a result, the developed sensor showed a good sensitivity and selectivity.

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26.

金属合金電極を用いた起電力型環境イオンセンサの設計

九工大院工

○中村英靖,高瀬聡子,清水陽一

A POTENTIOMETRIC ENVIRONMENTAL ION-SENSOR BASED ON METAL-ALLOY FILM ELECTRODE

Hideyasu NAKAMURA, Satoko TAKASE, and Youichi SHIMIZU*

Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering,
Kyushu Institute of Technology,
1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata, City of Kitakyushu 804-8550

Metal-film electrode based environmental ion-sensors were tried to prepare by an electrodepositing method. The Co80-Ni20 film electrode showed the best EMF response characteristic for H2PO4- among the metal-film sensors tested. The sensor exhibited a linear potentiometric response characteristics to H2PO4- at the concentration range between 1.0 × 10-5 and 1.0 × 10-2 M with a slope of -59 mV/dec. at pH 5. The sensor showed relatively fast response, high selectivity, and sensitivity, in spite of its poor the endurance of the metal-alloy film. In addition, the Al-Mg/Fe electrode was found to show a good function as the NO3- sensor. The Al-Mg/Fe electrode exhibited a linear potentiometric response to nitrate ion at the concentration range between 1.0×10-3 and 1.0×10-2 M with 90% response time of 1 min at pH 9. The Al-Mg/Fe electrodes also have good stability.

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27.

種々の圧力で堆積したTiO2スパッタ膜の構造とH2ガスセンサ特性

富山大

○長田 康彦、山崎 登志成、喜久田 寿郎

STRUCTURE AND H2 SENSING PROPERTY OF TiO2 SPUTTERED FILMS
DEPOSITEDE UNDER VARIOUS PRESSURES


Yasuhiko NAGATA, Toshinari YAMAZAKI and Toshio KIKUTA

Graduate School of Engineering, University of Toyama
Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555

TiO2 films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering under various discharge gas pressures. The structure of the films was investigated with focus on porosity, which was evaluated by density and effective surface area. Furthermore, the H2 sensing property of the films annealed at 500℃ was investigated at various operating temperature in ambient air. Films deposited under a low pressure were rather smooth while the films deposited under a high pressure were composed of columnar grains. As-deposited films were amorphous. They crystallized to be of anatase structure by annealing at 500℃. As the pressure during deposition increased, pores developed between columnar grains. In the most porous film deposited at 12 Pa, the sidewalls of the columnar grains were mostly exposed. A dense film deposited under a low pressure showed sensitivity only at an operating temperature above 200℃. As the porosity increased, the sensing temperature decreased. The most porous film showed a rather high sensitivity even at a low temperature of 100℃.

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28.

半導体ガスセンサにおける粒子サイズと感応膜利用効率の関係

九大院総理工

○藤山 修平、 湯浅 雅賀、 木田 徹也、 山添 曻、 島ノ江 憲剛

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GRAIN SIZE AND UTILITY OF
SENSING FILM FOR DESIGN OF SNO2 GAS SENSORS

Shuhei FUJIYAMA a , Masayoshi YUASA b , Tetsuya KIDA b , Noboru YAMAZOE b , Kengo SHIMANOE b

a Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University,
Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580
b Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University,
Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580

To investigate of the relationship between grain size and utility of sensing film, thin film sensor devices different in crystallite size were fabricated. SnO2 sols were prepared by a seed-assisted hydrothermal method, in which 4 nm SnO2 was used as a seed crystal. It was found that the developed method can control the particle size of SnO2 between 4 and 17nm by hydrothermal treatment at 200~250℃ at 10MPa. The smaller in initial crystallite size, the larger the crystallite size after calcination grew. The sensor responses to different molecular size gases (H2 and H2S) were investigated. For small size of gas molecular, the grain size factor was more effective than the utility factor. However, for large size of gas molecular, the situation was reversed.

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29.

ナノおよびミクロンサイズ酸化スズを組み合わせたCH4センサの開発

宮崎大工

○酒井 剛、吉川 由樹、木島 剛

DEVELOPMENT OF CH4 SENSOR BY COMBINATION OF NANO- AND MICRO-SIZE SnO2 PARTICLES

Go SAKAI, Yuki KIKKAWA and Tsuyoshi KIJIMA

Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki,
Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki 889-2192

In this study, nano-size SnO2 prepared from hydrothermal treatment of stannic acid gel and micro-size SnO2 prepared by hydrolysis of Na2SnO3 with benzenesulfonic acid at liquid-liquid interface, respectively, were combined together to form micro-pore induced sensing body consisting of nano-size SnO2 particles. It was found that the covering treatment of nano-size SnO2 on micro-size SnO2 gave slightly change in specific surface area as well as volume and typical value of meso-pores. It was also found that the enhancement of sensitivity to CH4 and lower temperature operation could be realized by combination of nano- and micro-size SnO2 as well as introduction of sensitizer, Pd.

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30.

ジルコニアドープセリア検出材とイットリアドープセリア温度補償材を有する抵抗型酸素センサ

産総研

○伊豆典哉、西﨑涼香、申ウソク、伊藤敏雄、西堀麻衣子、松原一郎

RESISTIVE OXYGEN SENSOR USING A SENSING MATERIAL OF ZIRCONIA-DOPED CERIA
AND A TEMPERATURE COMPENSATING MATERIAL OF YTTRIA-DOPED CERIA

Noriya IZU, Sayaka NISHIZAKI, Woosuck SHIN, Toshio ITOH, Maiko NISHIBORI, and Ichiro MATSUBARA

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),
Nagoya-shi, Aichi 463-8560

In this study, we investigated into temperature compensating materials for a resistive oxygen sensor using Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 as a sensing material for lea-burn engines. Since a temperature dependence of a temperature compensating material should be the same as that of the sensing material, Y concentration of CeO2-Y2O3 material was optimized as the temperature compensating material. As a result, it was revealed that the optimized Y concentration was 50 mol% (Ce0.5Y0.5O2-δ). The resistance of Ce0.5Y0.5O2-δ was independent of air-to-fuel ratio (oxygen partial pressure) so that it was confirmed to function as a temperature compensating material. Sensing elements which comprised Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 and Ce0.5Y0.5O2-δ as sensing and temperature compensating materials, respectively, on an alumina substrate were fabricated and temperature dependence of outputs of the sensing element was investigated. As a result, the output was approximately independent of temperature in the wide range of 500 to 800°C and it became clear that the sensor is able to distinguish a difference of 0.04 in excess air factor.


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31.

Synthesis Characterization and Gas Sensing Properties of TiO2 Nanostructures

Ahsanulhaq Qurashi, Toshinari Yamazaki, Toshio Kikuta

Department of Engineering, Toyama University, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan

We demonstrate the growth of TiO2 nanostructures by novel hydrothermal synthesis technique at low temperature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that nanoparticles and nanorod-like morphology of TiO2. Detailed structural analysis revealed that TiO2 nanoflower-like structures are single crystalline with good crystal quality. However TiO2 nanoparticles are polycrystalline in nature with high crystallintiy. These TiO2 nanostructures also have potential applications in ultrasensitive gas sensors, chemical and biosensor devices, where well defined easily accessible crystal surface is required. Hydrogen sensors made from TiO2 nanostructures showed excellent performance at low temperature.

 

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32.

超音波噴霧熱分解法により調製したマクロポーラス酸化物粉末のNO2検知特性

長崎大院生産科学a,長崎大工b

○兵頭健生a,元村仁美b,松尾勝秀b,清水康博b,江頭 誠b

NO2 SENSING PROPERTIES OF MACROPOROUS OXIDES POWDERS
PREPARED BY ULTRASONIC SPRAY PYROLYSIS

Takeo HYODOa, Hitomi MOTOMURAb, Katsuhide MATSUOb, Yasuhiro SHIMIZUband Makoto EGASHIRAb

a Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University,
b Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki University,
1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521

Submicron-sized In2O3- and WO3-based spherical powders with well-developed spherical macropores (the size of macropores: 80~110 nm) were prepared by pyrolysis of atomized precursor aqueous solutions containing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres as a template. Among all In2O3-based spherical powders, macroporous (mp-) In2O3 without any additives showed the largest response to 10 ppm NO2 in air, especially at 150°C, with relatively fast response and recovery speeds. On the other hand, the response of mp-WO3 to 10 ppm NO2 in air increased with an increase in the post-annealing temperature, and the mp-WO3 which was annealed at 650°C showed the largest response at 150°C among all WO3-based spherical powders. In addition, a dense WO3 spherical powder prepared without PMMA microspheres in the precursor solution also showed relatively high and stable response to 10 ppm NO2.

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33.

酸化ニッケルスパッタ膜の多孔性評価とNO2検出特性

富山大学院理工学教育部

○米澤 正隆、山崎 登志成、喜久田 寿郎

POROSITY CHARACTERIZATION AND NO2 SENSING PROPERTY OF NIO SPUTTERED FILMS

Masataka Yonezawa, Toshinari Yamazaki, Toshio Kikuta

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama,
Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555

NiO films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering under various pressures. The structure of the films was investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, measurement of density, and measurement of effective surface area. The films were generally composed of columnar grains. As the pressure increased, the porosity of the film increased. In other words, voids developed between columnar grains, and the density decreased. The sensitivity to NO2 at a concentration of 1 ppm in dry air was also investigated for the films annealed at 400℃ at an operating temperature from room temperature to 300℃. The resistance decreased upon exposure to NO2. As the porosity increased, the sensitivity increased. The highest sensitivity obtained in this study was 3.2 at 200℃ measured for the most porous film deposited at 12 Pa. After exhaust of NO2, the resistance of the film recovered to the initial value at 150℃ and above. It did not recover to the initial value below 100 ℃.

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34.

層状有機無機ハイブリッドによるアルデヒドセンサのXPS分析

産総研

○伊藤 敏雄、松原 一郎、申 ウソク、伊豆 典哉、西堀 麻衣子

XPS STUDY OF LAYERED ORGANIC-INORGANIC HYBRIDS AS ALDEHYDE SENSORS

Toshio ITOH, Ichiro MATSUBARA, Woosuck SHIN, Noriya IZU, and Maiko NISHIBORI

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST),
Shimo-shidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8560

VOC gas sensing properties have been investigated for the layered organic-inorganic hybrids of semiconductive molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) thin films with polyaniline (PANI) or polyaniline derivatives, e.g. poly (5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine) (PTHNA). The hybrids can detect aldehyde gases of several tens ppb level. However, the resistance drift problem should be solved for long-term stability. XPS studies reveal that the resistance drift of the hybrids is caused by adsorbing oxygen molecules from the atmosphere. The adsorption of sufficient oxygen molecules by annealing in air at a temperature higher than operating temperature can reduce the resistance drift phenomena. Moreover, it seems that the resistive responses to aldehyde gases tend to be affected by intercalation temperatures during the thin film process.

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(清山賞受賞講演2)

電極触媒活性の精密制御に基づいた
ガスセンシング技術の開発と各種デバイスへの応用展開

名大院環境

○日比野高士

GAS SENSING TECHNIQUES BASED ON ACTIVATION OF ELECTROCATALYSTS
AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO VARIOUS DEVICES

Takashi HIBINO

Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University,
Nagoya 464-8601

In this study, we propose two new concepts for developing gasoline hydrocarbon and diesel particulate sensors. A sensor device was constructed from two PdIYSZIAu, which were attached to each other with their Pd electrodes in the interior side of the assembly. When the sample gases consisting of CH, O2 and H2O were fed to the sensor at 750℃, electromotive force values were generated from the one cell and then compensated by pumping O2 electrochemically from the other cell. Currents applied to the latter cell linearly increased with CH4 concentration, but were not influenced by changing O2 concentration. In another sensor device, PtIYSZIPt, electrochemical oxidation of carbon was made by water vapor present in the atmosphere. An active oxygen species was formed via water-vapor electrolysis over the Pt electrode, oxidizing carbon to carbon dioxide, with a current efficiency of approximately 100%. This reaction causes a large jump in the measured electrode potential, providing information on the carbon amount.

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35.

Pd-Au共担持触媒を利用した吸着燃焼式マイクロVOCセンサの高性能化

長崎大院生産a、矢崎総業b、長崎大工c

○杠 泰成a、兵頭 健生a、笹原 隆彦b、清水 康博c、江頭 誠c

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH SENSITIVE ADSORPTION/COMBUSTION-TYPE GAS SENSORS
WITH AN ALUMINA CATALYST CO-LOADED WITH Pd AND Au

Yasunari YUZURIHAa, Takeo HYODOa, Takahiko SASAHARAb,
Yasuhiro SHIMIZUc, and Makoto EGASHIRAc

a Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University,
1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521
b Research and Technology Center, Yazaki Corporation,
1500 Mishuku, Susono, Shizuoka 410-1194
c Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki University,
1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521

Gas sensing properties of adsorption/combustion-type gas sensors have been modified by controlling the composition of Pd/Au ratio (total loading amount of Pd and Au: 10 wt%) loaded on γ-Al2O3 catalyst or the additive amounts of α-Al2O3 powder to the catalyst loaded with Pd and Au. The sensor using the γ-Al2O3 catalyst loaded with 80 wt% Pd and 20 wt% Au showed the largest response to ethanol in air, probably due to the improvement of the catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation. In addition, the addition of 10 wt% α-Al2O3 to the γ-Al2O3 catalyst loaded with 80 wt% Pd and 20 wt% Au was also very effective in improving the sensor response, probably because of the enhancement of the thermal conductivity.

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36.

吸着燃焼式ガスセンサによるエタノール選択検知

矢崎総業株式会社

○高橋 信之、笹原 隆彦

SELECTIVE DETECTION OF ETHANOL USING AN ADSORPTION/CONBUTION-TYPE
MICRO GAS SENSOR

Nobuyuki TAKAHASHI, Takahiko SASAHARA

Research and Technology Center, Yazaki Corp., Susono-shi, Shizuoka 410-1194

Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan

We investigated selective detection of adsorptive organic compounds using an adsorption/combustion-type gas sensor. We recognized the advantages adding various oxides to Pt/γ-Al2O3 so that catalytic properties of Pt/γ-Al2O3 changed variously. Through investigation of adding various oxides, we confirmed the sensor employed Pt/Al2O3-La2O3 as the sensing layer and Pt/Al2O3-Cr2O3 as the compensating layer showed a large response peak to ethanol without responding to toluene, acetone, and formaldehyde. Moreover the sensor showed response to only ethanol in mixed gases atmosphere of ethanol, toluene, acetone, and formaldehyde.

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37.

感温部にバルクサーミスタを用いた低温動作可能な接触燃焼式ガスセンサの開発

株式会社 村田製作所

○中村 大佐、天野 優、山田 一、牛見 義光、伊藤 吉博

DEVELOPMENT OF CATALYTIC COMBUSTION TYPE GAS SENSOR WITH BULK
THERMISTOR FUNCTIONING AT LOW TEMPERATURE

Daisuke NAKAMURA , Masaru AMANO , Hajime YAMADA , Yoshimitsu USHIMI , and Yoshihiro ITO

Murata Mfg. Co.,Ltd. 10-1, Higashikotari 1-chome, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto 617-8555

We have developed a new type of catalytic combustion gas sensor that can operate at lower temperature than existing sensors. Instead of using Pt coils, we use thermistor as temperature-sensing material that has high temperature coefficient of resistance. Bulk thermistor with large volume and high heat capacity causes small sensitivity. Therefore, we have formed the thermal separation structure and have obtained high sensitivity using thin-grinded thermistor membrane supported with posts to reduce heat capacity. We deposited Pt as catalyst material on the thermistor membrane, and confirmed sensing characteristics using hydrogen gas. As a result, we obtained the output voltage 1.5V, response time 1sec under the condition input voltage 3V, operation temperature 100 degree, hydrogen concentration 2.4%.

 

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38.

車室内空質制御のための高感度においセンサの開発

エフアイエス

○小野 靖典、吉良 満治、村上 順一

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY SENSITIVE ODOR SENDOR FOR AUTOMOTIVED

Kiyonori Ono, Mitsuharu Kira, Junichi Murakami

FiS inc., 3-36-3 Kitazono, Itami, Hyogo, 664-0891, Japan

Semiconductor gas sensors are commonly used in ventilation control systems in automobiles by detecting exhaust gases from other motor vehicles. In this application, in addition to the detection of exhaust gases, there has been a rise in demand recently for applications that detect bad odor from farm animals, domesticated livestock or garbage disposal facilities. Individual sensors are usually used for detecting different types of gases because specific conditions are required for each gas to be detected. We have developed a mini-bead type gas sensor which can detect both odor and exhaust gases. This unique sensor is achieved by employing an Au doped SnO2 for sensing materials, creating it on a 0.3mmφ×0.5mmφ structure, and applying a cyclic temperature change with 0.9V×0.6 seconds and 0.4V×0.6 seconds for operation. Furthermore, by including an effective signal processing algorism for detecting different gases, we have developed a single sensor that is capable of detecting both gasoline and diesel exhaust gases and malodors with high sensitivity, accurate selectivity and quick response.

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39.

半導体式ガスセンサの分析装置への応用展開

新コスモス電機株式会社

○久世 恭、神田奎千、伊藤達也

APPLICATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR TYPE GAS SENSOR TO PORTABLE GAS ANALYZER

Takashi Kuse, Keisen Kanda, Tatuya Ito

New Cosmos Electric Co.,Ltd
3-6-25 Mitsuya-naka,Yodogawa-ku,Osaka 532-0036,Japan

Gas analyzers using semiconductor type gas senor have been developed by authors. The gas analyzers (XG-100 series) can detect target gases at very low concentration at which the gases can not be detected by the conventional analyzers. The measurement of target gases is simply done by injecting only small amount of sample into the system and the concentration of each component is determined automatically with high accuracy.

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40.

高輝度紫外線LEDを用いたホルムアルデヒド計測用生化学式ガスセンサ

東医歯大院 医歯学a、東京都立産業技術研究センターb、東医歯大 生体材料工学研究所c

○鈴木祐貴a、月精智子a,b、髙橋大志c、荒川貴博c、工藤寛之c、三林浩二c

BIOCHEMICAL GAS SENSOR FOR FORMALDEHYDE MEASUREMENT USING HIGH INTENSITY UV-LED

Yuki SUZUKI a , Tomoko GESSEI a,b, Daishi TAKAHASHI c, Takahiro ARAKAWA c, Hiroyuki KUDO c and Kohji MITSUBAYASHI c

a Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,
1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
b Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute,
3-13-10 Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-8586, Japan
c Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,
2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan

A fiber-optic biochemical gas sensor (bio-sniffer) for formaldehyde vapor was constructed and evaluated. The bio-sniffer measures formaldehyde as fluorescence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) which is produced by formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH) reaction. The bio-sniffer consists of a high intensity UV-LED (λ=335nm) based portable excitation system, a photomultiplier tube, and an optical fiber probe with a FALDH immobilized membrane. In order to maintain enzyme activity, phosphate buffer solution was circulated into a flow cell attached on the sensing region. Characterization of the bio-sniffer was carried out using a standard-gas generator. The calibration range of the bio-sniffer was from 2.5 to 10000ppb, including the maximum permissible concentration of formaldehyde in workplace (80ppb). The bio-sniffer showed high gas-selectivity (HCHO:CH3CHO = 100:1.59) due to substrate specificity. Potential application of the bio-sniffer is continuous formaldehyde monitoring in residential atmosphere.

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41.

ナノ孔ガラスと赤外分光を用いたベンゼン・トルエン・キシレンセンサの検討

城西大理a,国立環境研b,ソナックc

○犬塚 俊介a,紺野 東一a,尾崎 裕a,内山 政弘b,長澤 浩c *

A STUDY ON SENSORS FOR BENZENE, TOLUENE AND XYLENE BY USE OF
POROUS GLASS AND IR SPECTROSCOPY

Shunsuke INUDZUKA a, Toichi KONNO a, Yasushi OZAKI a, Masahiro Utiyama b and Hiroshi Nagasawa c,*

a Faculty of Science, Josai University, Sakado-shi, Saitama 350-0295
b National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0053
c SONAC Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003

In order to develop a portable device for the measurement of VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) concentrations, near-infrared (near-IR) spectroscopy and nano porous glass are used in this research. First, since peak intensities in the near-IR region are generally only 1%of those in the mid-IR region, the intensities in the spectrum of toluene absorbed in the nano porous glass, pores of which are covered by Si-OH, are investigated. As a result, it was found that the intensity of the peak at 1685 nm, which was assigned to the first overtone of aromatic CH stretching mode of toluene in porous glass, is about 10 times larger than that of the corresponding peak of liquid toluene. This indicates that the nano porous glass enhances the sensitivity to toluene not only by condensation but also by the larger transition probability. Second, the concentrations of toluene absorbed in nano porous glasses with pores covered by Si-OH, Si-O-Si and Si(CH3)3 in 50-800 ppm toluene air were measured as a function of elapsed time by use of the absorbance of the 1685 nm peak. Consequently, it was found that toluene was strongly absorbed in the glass with pores covered by Si(CH3)3. *Present address: NITTA Corp., Tokyo Branch, Chuou-ku, Tokyo 104-0061.

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42.

インターロック用途を目指した電気化学式エタノールセンサの開発

フィガロ技研株式会社

○山本 吉弘、竹原 浩美、井澤 邦之、石橋 昇、兼安 一成

DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROCHEMICAL Ethanol SENSOR FOR INTERLOCK USE

Yoshihiro YAMAMOTO, Hiromi TAKEHARA, Kuniyuki IZAWA, Noboru ISHIBASHI, Kazunari KANEYASU

Figaro Engineering Inc.,1-5-11 Senba-nishi, Mino, Osaka 562-8505, Japan


Alcohol Ignition Interlock System (AIIS) is one of the promising methods to prevent traffic accidents caused by drunk drivers. AIIS measures the breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) of a driver. If driver's BrAC is over a predetermined limit, AIIS prevents the engine from being started. Electrochemical sensor is used for AIIS because AIIS requires high accuracy to measure alcohol concentration and good selectivity to interference gases. Moreover, AIIS use alveolar air to accurately measure BrAC and the alveolar air in breath is sucked into the sensor with a pump. We report various characteristics of the sensor measured through sucking gas into the sensor with a pump. The sensor shows excellent linear relationship between C2H5OH concentration in sample gas and its of measurement concentration in the range of 0.00~0.75 mg/ℓ. The sensitivity of interference gases is much lower than sensitivity of C2H5OH 0.10mg/ℓ. These characterizations pass the test of CENELEC1) established EN50436-1 standard.

 

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43.

電気化学式NH3センサの応答改良

光明理化学工業株式会社

○中村 仁

RESPONSE TIME IMPROVEMENT OF AMPEROMETRIC NH3 GAS SENSOR

Hitoshi NAKAMURA

Komyo Rikagaku Kogyo K.K.
1-8-28 Shimonoge, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki-City 213-0006

One of the important technical problems of a conventional amperometric NH3 gas sensor is slow response time, especially when the sensor is used under high temperature and high humidity conditions. We found that the response time of the sensor was faster with a decreased amount of the working electrode catalyst. We succeeded in getting the sensor which had a fast response time by controlling the working electrode catalyst.

 

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44.

ペロブスカイト型酸化物を検知極に用いた電流検出型ジルコニアセンサのNOx応答特性

(財)ファインセラミックスセンター

○上田太郎、永野孝幸、大川元、高橋誠治

NOx SENSING CHARACTERISTICS OF ZIRCONIA-BASED
AMPEROMETRIC-TYPE SENSOR USING PEROVSKITE-TYPE OXIDE SENSING-ELECTRODE

Taro UEDA, Takayuki NAGANO, Hajime OKAWA, Seiji TAKAHASHI

Japan Fine Ceramic Center
2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atuta-ku, Nagoya, 456-8587

Sensing characteristics of the zirconia-based amperometric-type NOx sensor using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and perovskite oxide sensing electrode (SE) were examined. We focused on using La-Sr based perovskite as SEs because these oxides have a property to decompose NO on a pair of adjacent oxide ion vacancies. As a result, the sensor using La0.6Sr0.4Co0.98Mn0.02O3 showed high sensitivity as well as good selectivity to NO2 at 600℃. The sensitivity was almost linear to NO2 concentration in the range between 50 to 800 ppm, and a 90% response and recovery time to 400 ppm NO2 were less than 20 s. Though the NO2 response of the sensor was slightly affected by the changes in O2 concentrations, it showed still high sensitivity in the examined range of 5 - 21 vol%.

 

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45.

燃料電池作動型COセンサ膜と電極触媒の影響

静岡大院a、静岡大工b、東京ガスc、矢崎資源d

○望月 計a,d、山本 新b、菊池 貴之b、須藤 雅夫a,b
堀米 宏規c、石黒 義昭d、鈴木 隆之d

EFFECTS OF MEMBRANE AND ELECTRODE CATALYST ON FUEL CELL TYPE CO SENSOR

Kei Mochizukia,d, Arata Yamamotob, Takayuki Kikuchib, Masao Sudoha,b,
Hironori Horikomec, Yoshiaki Ishigurod and Takayuki Suzukid

a Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University,
b Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Shizuoka University,
Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561 Japan
}c Product Development Department, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.
Minamisenju, Arakawa-Ku, Tokyo 116-0003 Japan
d
Gas Equipment Development Center , Yazaki Resources Co.Ltd.
Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3393 Japan

With the progress in the airtight of modern structures and the increasing use of various gases appliances within concentrated areas, a serious carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning occurs more possibly. Such a situation makes it become increasingly important to detect low concentration CO caused by incomplete combustion within combustor or fire. In order to improve these problems we have developed new amperometric sensor based on proton-conducting membranes for sensing CO of exhaust gases. The sensor performance was affected by loading change in cathode catalyst rather than anode catalyst.

 

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46.

単結晶YSZ上に形成したAu検知極のガス応答特性

九大炭素資源センター a、九大院総理工 b、九大産学連携センター c

○ブラディミル プラシニツァa、藤尾 侑輝b、三浦 則雄c

GAS SENSING PROPERTIES OF Au-SENSINIG ELECTRODE FORMED ON SINGLE-CRYSTAL YSZ

○Vladimir V. PLASHNITSAa, Yuki FUJIOb, Norio MIURAc

a Research and Education Center of Carbon Resources, Kyushu University,
Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580
b Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University,
Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580
c Art, Science and Technology Center for Cooperative Research, Kyushu University,
Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580

The nano-structured gold sensing electrodes (SEs) were fabricated on single-crystal (sc; (100) and (111)) yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) plates by using a colloidal gold solution of 5 nm. The divergence in surface profile of the blank sc-YSZ plates as well as the high-temperature treatment of Au colloids resulted in obtaining the different morphologies of Au-SEs; large square-like Au domains (ca. 5×5 μm) on YSZ(100) and triangular-like Au domains with the size of 2-3 μm on YSZ(111). The fabricated sc-YSZ-based sensors using nano-Au SEs of the different shape was found to give a large discrepancy in their gas sensing characteristics. While the sensor based on YSZ(100) treated with Au gave high emf responses to non-methane hydrocarbons (HCs) at 700℃ under the wet (5 vol.% H2O) condition, the sensor based on YSZ(111) showed high sensitivity and selectivity to NH3.

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47.

3価のアルミニウムイオン伝導体を用いたアンモニアガスセンサ

阪大院工a、学振b

○永井つかさa,b、田村真治a、今中信人a

A NOVEL AMMONIA GAS SENSOR BASED ON
TRIVALENT ALUMINUM CATION CONDUCTING SOLID ELECTROLYTE

Tsukasa NAGAI a,b, Shinji TAMURA a, Nobuhito IMANAKA a

a Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University,
2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
b Japan Sosiety for the Promotion of Science,
1-8 Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan

Ammonia gas is one of the useful gas species in the industrial field. However, ammonia gas is very toxic, and the ammonia gas sensor showing the exact gas detection with a rapid response is greatly requested for prevening the serious accidents. In this work, we fabricated a new solid electrolyte type ammonia gas sensor by the combination of the trivalent aluminum ion conducting solid electrolyte (Al0.2Zr0.8)20/19Nb(PO4)3 with La2O2SO4-(NH4)2HPO4 as an auxiliary sensing electrode, and its ammonia gas sensing performance was investigated. Since the present sensor shows a superior sensing performance of continuous and reproducible response with obeying the theoretical Nernst relationship between sensor EMF output and logarithm of the NH3 gas concentration even under humidified condition, it is greatly expected to be a practical NH3 gas detecting tool.

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48.

ジルコニアを用いた濃淡電池型VOCセンサ —Pt電極をAuでコートすることによる特性の改善—

愛媛大院理工

森 雅美、○定岡芳彦

POTENTIOMETRIC VOC DETECTION USING 8YSZ BASED OXYGEN SENSOR MODIFIED WITH Au

Masami MORI and Yoshihiko SADAOKA

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University,
3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577

Potentiometric oxygen sensor was fabricated and applied to detect several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at sub-ppm levels in the temperature range of 400-500 oC. For the sensor in which two platinum electrodes formed on the surface of 8YSZ sheet and one side Pt electrode was covered with Au layer, EMF was responded to contamination of ambient with several VOCs (acetic acid, methylethylketone, ethanol, benzene, toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene). The electromotive force (EMF) linearly changed with an increase in the concentration of VOCs. The sensing characteristics for all the VOCs examined in this study were enhanced, while the response and recovery times were prolonged b the coating of Pt electrode with Au. These phenomena are due to the change of the activity of oxygen ion at the three-phase boundary composed with gas-Pt-YSZ. The obtained results showed that the Au layer formed onto the Pt electrode depressed the diffusion of oxygen from the surface of the Au layer to the three-phase boundary when the air contaminated with VOCs was exposed to the device.

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49.


金属酸化物で修飾した混成電位式アンモニアセンサにおける焼成温度と酸塩基性効果

名古屋大a、日本特殊陶業b

○片桐誠a、清水研一a、柿元志郎b、菅谷聡b、松谷渉b、薩摩篤a

EFFECTS OF CALCINATION TEMPERATURE AND ACID-BASE ON MIXED
POTENTIAL AMMONIA SENSOR MODIFIED BY METAL OXIDE

Makoto KATAGIRIa, Kenichi SHIMIZUa, Shirou KAKIMOTOb,
Satoshi SUGAYAb, Wataru MATSUTANIb, Atsushi SATSUMAa

a Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Nagoya University,
Nagoya-city, Aichi 464-0814
b R&D Center, Engineering R&D Group, NGK Spark Plug Co.Ltd,
Komaki-city, Aichi 485-8510

For mixed potential sensors comoposed of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as a solid electrolyte, a reference electrode, and a sensing electrode which is a mixture of Au and various metal oxides, the effects of calcination temperature and acid-base property of metal oxides are examined. The selective sensing of NH3 was achieved by modification of sensing electrode by MoO3, Bi2O3 and V2O5, while that by CuO, WO3, Nb2O5 and MgO was not effective. The dependence of the relative sensitivity to NH3 on calcination temperature suggested that the selective detection of NH3 is affected by both melting point and acidity of metal oxides.

 

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50.

安定化ジルコニアとNiO系検知極を用いた混成電位型プロペンセンサ

九大院総理工a、九大炭素資源センターb、九大産学連携センターc

○藤尾 侑輝a、V. V. プラシニツァb、P. エルマレイc、三浦 則雄c

MIXED-POTENTIAL-TYPE PROPYLENE SENSOR USING YSZ AND NiO-BASED OXIDE

○Yuki FUJIO a、Vladimir V. PLASHNITSA b、Perumal ELUMALAI c、Norio MIURA c

a Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University,
Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580
b Research and Education Center of Carbon Resources, Kyushu University,
Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka, 816-8580
c Art, Science and Technology Center for Cooperative Research, Kyushu University,
Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580

The yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)-based sensor using oxide sensing-electrode (SE) was fabricated and examined its sensing characteristics to propylene (C3H6), one of representative hydrocarbons (HCs). Among various oxide-SEs examined, NiO-SE was found to give the highest sensitivity to C3H6 at 600℃ under the wet condition (5 vol.% H2O), but the selectivity to C3H6 was poor. Thus, to improve the sensing performance, NiO-SE was further mixed with each of several oxides (50 mol.%) by ball-milling method. As a result, the sensor attached with NiO (+ 50 mol% TiO2)-SE exhibited highly selective and sensitive response to C3H6 at 650℃. In this case, it was confirmed that the SE was composed of NiTiO3. The 90% response and 90% recovery time to 100 ppm C3H6 was as relatively short as ca. 10 s and ca. 20 s, respectively. In addition, the electromotive force (emf) response of the present sensor varied almost linearly with the logarithm of C3H6 concentration in the examined range of 10 - 800 ppm.

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